Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.
Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and U.S. customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
I'm programming a game in which I'd like to simulate the real world physics of an attack using primarily medieval style weapons. Think dwarf fortress, but rather than assigning damage numbers we're calculating force or kinetic energy. Getting that much is easy enough since I can find the mass of...
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Basically I intend to create an environment inside a chamber with variations of CO2 percentages, using electrovalves.
The mixing gas is always compressed air + CO2.
For example: create a 50% CO2 concentration with a total pressure of 2 Bar.
The chamber is closed, and compressed air...
I think I can eliminate A because the equations depict a linear relationship. Since the gauge pressure is in a linear relationship with the absolute pressure, I would say exactly 2, but the answer is d.
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I am working with the theoretical solid phase diagram of water and I would like to know what negative pressure means.
Thank you in advance!
I'm looking for a conceptual understanding of pressure in fluid.
According to what I've gathered, in static fluid, the pressure at any point in the fluid depends on the depth within the fluid, because there is more fluid weighing down on an object the deeper into the fluid it is. However, for...
Assuming you could get around the material and engineering problems with anything at high pressures what would happen if you kept pressurizing helium past a super solid state. If the pressures where high enough would you have a similar effect to metallic hydrogen with it behaving as a degenerate...
I once was explained the answer to this question - something about both the air and the object being incompressible. However, for the life of me I cannot seem to reproduce the answer of why we ignore air pressure when doing basic calculations.
If it matters, the particular system I'm interested...
I have asked this question on Stack Exchange: SE question.
I often encountered this sticker on most motorbikes (especially matic ones) [credit: cintamobil.com]:
There, when the tire pressure was measured from cold condition, the tire pressure are same regardless of loadout (29 psi and 33 psi...
Problem Statement: An oil with density 900 kg/m3 and viscosity 0.18 Ns/m2 flows through a circular pipe which inclines upwards
at 40° to the horizontal. The length of the pipe is 10 m and the diameter is 6 cm. The fluid pressure at the
lower end of the pipe is 350 kPa and the pressure at the...
I have a compressed pure gas at a specific temperature and volume. (T1, V1) It suddenly (adiabatically) expands until it's at ambient pressure and a specific temperature. (P2, T2). Given: T1, V1, T2, and P2, I want to find P1 and V2.
There's a great example in wikipedia which is almost...
First off, I'm not a scientist or engineer and I apologize if I don't give a clear description of my question. I'm beginning a personal project and was hoping for some knowledge and assistance.
What I'm trying to achieve is to have a spherical object (it will be at least twice as wide as it is...
So, quick disclaimer: i am very young. only 12. i might also misspell some thing or not translate it correctly. i just like physics, so don't expect much.
So, i was reading in my science textbook (as a hobby) and it asked to describe some examples, in which i should find out wether the work on...
My best estimate was to find the water height and assume it remains constant when venting the air. I know the initial weights of vapor and liquid ( I know the total mass of substance inside the vessel), so I find the new density of water and vapor and calculate the "new" mass and take the...
Good morning all,
How do you calculate the air pressure exerted on an average human of 1.9m2
I know the air pressure is 1.01kPa.
Do I do, F = PA? 1.01kPa x 1.9?
What are the calculations step by step? and what is it in bars?
Does that mean it is 1.919 bar?
Thank you,
Hello People,
I have querry regarding the pressure variation in the steam header in the steam power plant.
if there is a sudden change in the load and the mass flow through the turbine has to be increased, i would like to know how it effects the pressure value? if yes how does this change...
I am attaching a standard 5/8" garden hose with approximately 70psi pressure to a copper pipe that is capped on the opposite end with mist nozzles mounted periodically along its length. I want the pressure at each mister to be as similar as possible. The hose attaches at the base, a solid line...
I've set up a simple experiment to look at the ideal gas laws. My experiment is relatively simple in that I have a metal tube which is capped on one side. I am then pressurising the tube with air to 100 psi and locking it off.
My thought is that as the pressure increased, with volume held...
In Chapter 40 (titled Typical Operating Conditions) of my textbook Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Technology, the authors list several different objectives for readers at the beginning of the chapter. One of the stated objectives is for the reader to be able to describe how humidity affects...
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I bought some fittings for a feed system I'm building, and I need to handle pressures between 150 and 200 psi. I noticed some of them have max working pressures of about 1000 or 3000 psi, but others have relatively lower ones (150 psi, see...
(Sorry for my bad English.)
Hello,
I am trying to understand U.S. customary units (don't ask why I am trying to do this) but when I was calculating pressure to lb/in2 I went into problem. I remember that p = F / S but when you have mass you have to multiply mass by gravitational acceleration...
Summary: Relation between deformed foil and friction force
Good morning everyone,
i have a small leaf or steel that is bent from one side by a Pressure of many bars.
in front of the leaf there's a rotating disk, separated by the leaf by a small gap.
this leaf, as it deforms, wins the gaps and...
I have one question about the many wash nozzles.
The pump has 20 GPM @ 1000 PSI , the pipe size is 1" and connect 20 nozzles.
So the 1/4" nozzle may be 1GPM @ 1000 PSI. But the nozzle standard show the 1GPM is about 10 PSI.
and 1000psi need 10 GPM.
Can anyone know how to calculate the nozzle...
Summary: water pressure issues
what happens when you take water from a 3/4 inch pipe copper to 1/2 inch flexible braided hose through a filter for a 3/4 pipe back through a flexible braided hose 1/2 inch tube to 3/4 inch copper pipe?
https://www.flairespresso.com/product-page/flair-signature made a manual espresso machine and specify using 30 lb of pressure in the manual. In order to determine the correct pressure, they literally tell the user to push down on a kitchen scale. I'm considering a competing product, and that...
I know that water losses pressure as it move throw a pipe due to friction.
Does that mean that if we have two elevated tanks separated by a great distance but connected throw a perfectly horizontal pipe ,and then we fill the first tank with water till it reaches a certain hight, then the hight...
Hi Guys,
The problem I am facing at the moment is to calculate the appropriate setpoint for a set of pumps supplying cold water to a building so that electricity and cost savings can be achieved.
Here is the situation:
There are three pumps connected in parallel. They are located on the ground...
1. My book states that an increase in pressure on ice causes temporary melting. Could you explain the reasoning behind this/ the law that predicts this?
2. My book also states that if water is boiling in a flask and the outlet is blocked then temperature drops and boiling would stop unless more...
Summary: Trying to understand pressure and it's relation to force
Okay here is my dumb thought. A force is defined as an influence on an object, causing change in motion correct?
Then how can pressure be a force on an area? Maybe I'm stuck on the word "on". But the way I'm reading the force...
Summary: Calculations of glass thickness for aquarium 140cm (length), 55cm (width) and 80cm (height).
Scenarios for normal glass and tempered glass.
Hi everyone !
I want to ask you for help to calculate how thick (minimum version and save version) should be a glass for aquarium with sizes...
i really can't understand the answer of this question, is the question 1.3 in fluid mechanics by Frank ,M White
For the triangular element in Fig P1.3, show that a tilted free liquid surface, in contact with an atmosphere at pressure pa, must undergo shear stress and hence begin to flow.
i...
Subaru flat fours (a boxer engine design) are notorious for losing oil pressure under high lateral G's. The usual solution is using a dry sump. Dry sumps are expensive and complicated. They are, based on currently available remedies, unnecessary until you exceed 1.5 G's. I am at that threshold...
A well-type mercury manometer has a well of 0.02m^2 area and a tube of 40mm^2 area. The liquid has a density of 13,534 kg/m^3.Given that the tube is open to the atmosphere and the well is connected to the inert gas manometer was to measure:
Calculate the pressure of the inert gas in kN/m^2 if...
I have a problem that i cannot solve despite my best efforts. I do realize not all information here is relevant, but i still included it so you could get the full picture.
Imagining we have a cylinder that is filled with dry air (normal air without water vapor) that has a fixed volume of 8,5...
I assumed that the same magnitude of force acts on all sides of the box. Since A had the smallest area, I ranked P(A) as having the largest pressure, followed by P(B) having the second largest and P(top) and P(bottom) having the same pressure at third largest each. However, the ranking I...
I am struggling to answer questions about gasses. In this case the only way i can think of is, it has to do with the change in atmosphere right? because if we think about the formula P/T=P/T as the temperature decreases the pressure should increase. But in this case we have a smaller pressure...
Hi everyone,
I'm working on a first-year college assingment and need some help with it.
I need to figure out how deep does a tube, initially filled with air, need to be submerged into water in order get fully filled, meaning in order for the air to be fully displaced by water.
The tube is 1/2...
I understand that sound is a propagating pressure through a medium. We produced pressure and it’ll propagate through the medium as “sound”. How can we use this model to understand everyday-life experiences like opening a chips packaging and the packaging makes a sound, and alike. In the chips...
Suppose we have an incompressible, viscous sessile drop subject to a time-dependent pressure field ##p## on a substrate. Let ##\mu## be dynamic viscosity, ##u## be the fluid velocity field, ##\kappa_{1/2}## curvatures of the fluid surface, ##\sigma## surface tension, ##\hat n## normals to the...
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I'm try to calculate the pressure (in bar) needed for a certain flow rate 3 L/min of Argon gas given the following setup:
- I have a tank of Argon gas and the line pressure can be between 0 bar to 5 bar.
- The gas will flow out to the open air in the end.
- My pipe has an internal radius...
Picture two water heaters - one 10 liters and the other 100 liters, initially filled with cold water. If both of them are heated to the same temperature, will a pressure meter display the same pressure for both tanks, or is the resulting pressure somehow dependent on the size of the tank?
Hello all,
Thank you for reading my topic. My client asked me to make calculation sheet for gas pipeline like the image below. Can someone help me to make this? (i'm new in this system, need to learn and study. So please help me)
How to calculate the required pressure at connection point if...
In exploring the feasibility of constructing a vacuum chamber, I am trying to calculate the thickness of rectangular polycarbonate sheet needed to withstand 100kPa of pressure, given dimensions of 30.5cm by 61cm (12 by 24 inches) and clamped edges.
I have found some calculators that will tell...
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We have a pipe that receives water at a constant rate. This creates pressure in the pipe. Is there a way to reduce pressure downstream?
Which equations describe the factors that affect pressure?
Thanks!
This seems like a simple thermodynamics question but I would like clarification. So the absolute critical temperature is 132.5 K (-221.17 F) and the absolute critical pressure is 3.77Mpa (546.7 psi). I understand that for temperatures above the critical point, a pure substance undergoes an...