Ray optics is the study of light as it travels in a straight line, or ray, and interacts with different materials and surfaces.
Refraction occurs when light travels through a material with a different optical density, causing the light to bend and change direction.
Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface without changing direction, while refraction involves light changing direction as it passes through a material.
The shape of a lens determines how it bends and focuses light. Convex lenses converge light towards a focal point, while concave lenses diverge light away from a focal point.
Ray optics is used in various technologies such as cameras, telescopes, and corrective lenses for vision. Understanding ray optics can also help explain everyday phenomena such as rainbows and mirages.