Hamiltonian as Legendre transformation?

In summary, a Legendre transformation is a mathematical operation that converts a function f(x) into f*(p) by taking the maximum value of xp-f(x). The notation \max_x means that the maximum value is taken over all possible values of x. The Hamiltonian, which is defined as H(q,p)=p\dot{q}-L(q,\dot{q}), is also a Legendre transformation, but the \max_x is not explicitly included in the definition. However, it can be shown that the maximum value of xp-f(x) is achieved when p=\frac{\partial L}{\partial\dot{q}}. This has applications in mechanics, where the Hamiltonian represents the total energy of a system.
  • #1
pellman
684
5
The definition of a Legendre transformation given on the Wikipedia page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre_transformation is: given a function f(x), the Legendre transform f*(p) is

[tex]f^*(p)=\max_x\left(xp-f(x)\right)[/tex]

Two questions: what does [tex]\max_x[/tex] mean here? And why is it not (explicitly?) included in the definition of the Hamiltonian

[tex]H(q,p)=p\dot{q}-L(q,\dot{q})[/tex]

if the Hamiltonian is a Legendre transformation?
 
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  • #2
I get it. If we want to maximize

[tex]g(x)=xp-f(x)[/tex]


then we set [tex]g'(x)=0[/tex] which is the same as putting [tex]p=f'(x)[/tex]. In mechanics this amounts to

[tex]p=\frac{\partial L}{\partial\dot{q}}[/tex]

Well.. thanks to anyone who read and at least thought about replying. :-)
 

Related to Hamiltonian as Legendre transformation?

1. What is the Hamiltonian in classical mechanics?

The Hamiltonian is a function that represents the total energy of a system in classical mechanics. It is defined as the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the system.

2. How is the Hamiltonian related to the Lagrangian?

The Hamiltonian is related to the Lagrangian through a mathematical process known as the Legendre transformation. This transformation converts the Lagrangian, which is a function of generalized coordinates and velocities, into the Hamiltonian, which is a function of generalized coordinates and momenta.

3. Why is the Hamiltonian useful in classical mechanics?

The Hamiltonian is useful because it provides a more convenient way to describe the dynamics of a system compared to the Lagrangian. It also allows for the use of canonical transformations, which can simplify the equations of motion and reveal important symmetries of the system.

4. Can the Hamiltonian be applied to quantum systems?

Yes, the Hamiltonian can also be used in quantum mechanics to represent the total energy of a system. In this case, it is an operator rather than a function, and it plays a crucial role in determining the time evolution of a quantum system.

5. What is the significance of the Hamiltonian in statistical mechanics?

In statistical mechanics, the Hamiltonian is used to calculate the average energy of a system in thermal equilibrium. It also helps in determining the probability distribution of different states of the system, which is essential in understanding the behavior of large systems.

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