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jtlz
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What object in the universe (neutron star, supernova, black holes, pulsars) can cause the most powerful collision and what energy is the plasma produced? I'd like to know how many GeV of plasma it can make as the minimum.
Owie! That's going to leave a mark!jtlz said:What object in the universe (neutron star, supernova, black holes, pulsars) can cause the most powerful collision
The most powerful compact-object collisions so far detected are mergers of black holes. The ones detected have involved black holes roughly 10-50 times the mass of our Sun, and tend to emit energy equivalent to roughly the mass-energy of our Sun, mostly in gravitational waves. It is not known if there is enough electromagnetic radiation from these events to be detectable that way, so there's not necessarily any plasma temperature associated.jtlz said:What object in the universe (neutron star, supernova, black holes, pulsars) can cause the most powerful collision and what energy is the plasma produced? I'd like to know how many GeV of plasma it can make as the minimum.
I don't believe any of these collisions can.jtlz said:Thanks.. so which of them can produce collision energy with plasma above 100 GeV enough to cross electroweak transition temperature and produce isolated electroweak zero-vev plasma where the forces of EM and weak can unite in that collision point?
jtlz said:Is this as difficult as trying to create a false vacuum bubble (if our vacuum were really metastable)?
If the vacuum were metastable, that would mean that we are living in the false vacuum. If you created a bubble of true vacuum, it would expand at almost the speed of light to envelop everything in its path.jtlz said:What is the energy (TeV) to maintain the false vacuum bubble?
Orodruin said:If the vacuum were metastable, that would mean that we are living in the false vacuum. If you created a bubble of true vacuum, it would expand at almost the speed of light to envelop everything in its path.
Unfortunately, I have no idea what you mean by this. Plasma is made of particles, a vacuum (false or true) is a field with no particles in it. Are you perhaps referring to the quantum foam?jtlz said:What is the energy (GeV) of the plasma of the bubble of true vacuum (estimate)?
Why? I was under the impression that it would expand at exactly the speed of light.Orodruin said:it would expand at almost the speed of light to envelop everything in its path.
Because it is a bubble and not a flat wall. The bigger it gets, the closer it gets to the speed of light.newjerseyrunner said:Why? I was under the impression that it would expand at exactly the speed of light.
newjerseyrunner said:If I understand the false vacuum hypothesis correctly, the amount of energy it'll have will be exactly the same as the amount of energy in the current universe, it'll simply be changed. I believe that energy is conserved through phase transitions.Unfortunately, I have no idea what you mean by this. Plasma is made of particles, a vacuum (false or true) is a field with no particles in it. Are you perhaps referring to the quantum foam?
If it were so easy to get out of the false-vacuum state, we wouldn't be here.jtlz said:What must be the energy of this high-energy particles?
Can't tunneling also be caused by creation of plasma above the electroweak energy? What must be the energy (TeV) to initiate tunneling (supposed we were in a false vacuum)?
kimbyd said:If it were so easy to get out of the false-vacuum state, we wouldn't be here.
While it's in principle possible to create a localized vacuum state which has electroweak phase transition parameters which differ from the vacuum parameters, that state will always decay. The only way it wouldn't decay would be if the localized vacuum state was of lower energy, a state which would then spread at nearly the speed of light, destroying the entire observable universe.
The fact that this has not happened within the last 14 billion years means that there must be a potential energy barrier high enough to:
a) Prevent tunneling of the vacuum state to the true vacuum anywhere in our past lightcone over the last 14 billion years.
b) Prevent even the highest-energy particle interactions from producing energies high enough to get over the barrier.
As we've observed particle collisions with energies as high as ##10^{21} eV##, the potential barrier to kick us out of the false vacuum must be much higher than that (if we are in a false vacuum). Quantum vacuum decay limits may show it has to be even higher.
Generally such models tend to have many false vacuums (if I recall, string theory has approximately ##10^{400}##). The observational limits are on the energy potential barrier to transitioning to any vacuum state with lower energy than our current vacuum state.jtlz said:Are there models where there are many false vacuums separated by energy barriers? Like 5 false vacuums with 5 energy barriers before reaching the ground state true vacuum?
kimbyd said:Generally such models tend to have many false vacuums (if I recall, string theory has approximately ##10^{400}##). The observational limits are on the energy potential barrier to transitioning to any vacuum state with lower energy than our current vacuum state.
jtlz said:So there is no natural object in the universe that can create an isolated electroweak plasma?
jtlz said:In our present universe, is there still possibility for example there are 5 other false vacuums lower than our false vacuum?
I'm not sure you'll find any solid references, since the existence of such alternate vacua is entirely hypothetical.jtlz said:In our present universe, is there still possibility for example there are 5 other false vacuums lower than our false vacuum? If not, what are the constraints or equations that rule them out? Any actual references?
High-energy particles may have a lot of energy individually, but their total energy is nothing compared to the energy output of a star.jtlz said:We heard about harnessing the energy of the sun, or supernova, colliding stars or even black holes.. but it seems the energy of the Higgs Fields (at constant vev of 246GeV everywhere) exceeds even energy of pulsars or colliding neutrons stars.. is there no way to harness the energy of the Higgs Fields? There are only few W+, W-, Z0 in matter compared to the omnipresent constant Higgs field in all of space?
The most powerful collision ever was the collision of two black holes, which produced gravitational waves that were detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in 2015.
The most powerful collision ever was caused by the merger of two massive black holes, which were each about 30 times the mass of the sun.
The most powerful collision ever was detected by the LIGO observatories, which use lasers to measure tiny ripples in space-time caused by gravitational waves.
The most powerful collision ever provided evidence for the existence of gravitational waves, which confirmed a key prediction of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. It also gave scientists a better understanding of how black holes behave and interact.
Yes, the merger of two black holes can happen again, and it is actually quite common in the universe. However, the chances of detecting another event as powerful as the one observed by LIGO are very low due to the immense distance between black holes and the sensitivity of the instruments needed to detect gravitational waves.